Method of Operating an Apparatus for Linear Friction Welding

ABSTRACT

A method of operating a linear friction welding apparatus includes supporting a first work piece with a first fixture, supporting a second work piece with a second fixture, establishing a load between the first work piece and the second work piece along a press axis with a press assembly while the first fixture and the second fixture are in a fixed position relative to one another, simultaneously moving, with a vibrating assembly spaced apart from the press axis, the first fixture and the second fixture along a single weld axis so that both the first work piece and the second work piece are moved with respect to one another along the single weld axis after establishing the load, and heating at least a portion of the first work piece while simultaneously moving the first fixture and the second fixture under the load.

This application is a divisional application of co-pending U.S.application Ser. No. 14/992,862, filed on Jan. 11, 2016, which is adivisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/359,282, filed on May 19,2014, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,501 on Jan. 12, 2016, which isa 35 U.S.C. §371 National Stage Application of PCT/US2012/067886, filedon Dec. 5, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication, Ser. No. 61/630,128 filed Dec. 5, 2011, the entirety ofwhich are each incorporated by reference herein.

This disclosure relates to an apparatus for linear friction welding, andin particular a linear friction welding apparatus having a vibratingassembly or assemblies, which simultaneously vibrate both work piecesalong the weld axis during the weld process.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

Linear friction welding (LFW) is a process of joining two componentswhich may be made from the same or different materials. The LFW processtypically involves pressing the two components together under a largeamount of force and rapidly vibrating the components with respect to oneanother to generate friction at the interface between the twocomponents. The pressure and movement generate sufficient heat to causethe material at the interface to plasticize. Once the material at theinterface begins to plasticize, the vibration is stopped and anincreased force is applied. As the plasticized material of bothcomponents cools in this static condition, the components are bondedtogether and a weld is formed. While LFW is suitable in manyapplications, heretofore, LFW has not been practical for repair welds.

The linear friction welding (LFW) apparatus of this disclosure, invarious embodiments includes a vibrating assembly or assemblies, whichsimultaneously vibrates both work pieces along the weld axis during theweld process. In one embodiment of this disclosure, separate vibratingassemblies are used to vibrate each work piece along the weld axisrelative to each other. Each vibrating assembly has its own oscillatormechanism with motors and cams that can be moved into and out of phasewith that of the other vibrating mechanism to generate the relativemovement between the work pieces. In another embodiment of thisdisclosure, the apparatus includes a vibrating assembly that uses asingle oscillator and two sets of rocker arms supporting carriagesoperatively connected by a linkage mechanism to simultaneously vibrateboth work pieces along the weld axis. In each embodiment of the LFWapparatus of this disclosure, each vibrating assembly controls theamplitude and frequency of the oscillation during the weld process, butalso almost instantly stops the oscillation with no load on the toolingor work piece. Furthermore, vibrating both work pieces relative to oneanother provides certain mechanical advantages over simply vibrating asingle work piece against a fixed or stationary work piece.

In one embodiment, a method of operating a linear friction weldingapparatus includes supporting a first work piece with a first fixture,supporting a second work piece with a second fixture, establishing aload between the first work piece and the second work piece along apress axis with a press assembly while the first fixture and the secondfixture are in a fixed position relative to one another, simultaneouslymoving, with a vibrating assembly spaced apart from the press axis, thefirst fixture and the second fixture along a single weld axis so thatboth the first work piece and the second work piece are moved withrespect to one another along the single weld axis after establishing theload, and heating at least a portion of the first work piece whilesimultaneously moving the first fixture and the second fixture under theload.

In one or more embodiments, simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes moving the first fixture with a firstoscillator mechanism operatively connected to the first fixture, andmoving the second fixture with a second oscillator mechanism operativelyconnected to the second fixture.

In one or more embodiments simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes moving the first fixture with an oscillatormechanism operatively connected to the first fixture, and transferringmovement of the first fixture to the second fixture through a linkageconnected between the first fixture and second fixture, thereby movingthe second work piece.

In one or more embodiments transferring movement of the first fixture tothe second fixture includes moving the second fixture in a firstdirection as the first fixture is moving in a second direction, thesecond direction opposite to the first direction.

In one or more embodiments simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes moving the first fixture with an oscillatormechanism operatively connected to the first fixture, and transferringmovement of the first fixture to the second fixture through at least onehydraulic ram of the press assembly connected between the first fixtureand second fixture.

In one or more embodiments simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes pivoting the first fixture using a firstcomponent pivotably supporting the first fixture, and pivoting thesecond fixture using a second component pivotably supporting the secondfixture, wherein the first component is fixedly positioned with respectto the press axis, and the second component is movable with respect tothe press axis.

In one or more embodiments simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes sliding the first fixture along a firstslide extending orthogonally to the press axis, and sliding the secondfixture along a second slide extending orthogonally to the press axis.

In one or more embodiments simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes sliding the second slide along a third slideextending parallel to the press axis, and sliding the second slide alonga fourth slide extending parallel to the press axis.

In one or more embodiments simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture includes moving the first fixture with a firstoscillator mechanism operatively connected to the first fixture, andmoving the second fixture with a second oscillator mechanism operativelyconnected to the second fixture.

The apparatus and method of the present disclosure may take form invarious systems and components, as well as the arrangement of thosesystems and components. The above described features and advantages, aswell as others, will become more readily apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art by reference to the following detailed description andaccompanying drawings. The drawings are only for purposes ofillustrating exemplary embodiments and are not to be construed aslimiting the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings illustrate the present disclosure, in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified side view of an embodiment of the linear frictionwelding apparatus of this disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a simplified side view of a second embodiment of the linearfriction welding apparatus of this disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a partial side view of the linear friction welding apparatusof FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a simplified side view of a third embodiment of the linearfriction welding apparatus of this disclosure; and

FIGS. 5 and 6 are partial side views of the linear friction weldingapparatus of FIG. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring now to the drawings, each embodiment of the linear frictionwelding (LFW) apparatus of this disclosure includes a vibrating assemblyor assemblies, which vibrates both work pieces during the weld process.The vibrating assemblies of each embodiments of the LFW apparatus ofthis disclosure include an oscillation mechanism that embodies theteachings of the linear friction welding (LFW) apparatus developed byAPCI, Inc. in South Bend, Ind. that are described in U.S. Pat. No.8,070,039 issued on Dec. 6, 2011. The oscillator mechanisms enable theLFW apparatus of this disclosure to control the amplitude, frequency andtermination of the weld oscillation, as well as the weld and forcepressures during the weld process. For simplicity of explanation herein,the particular components of the oscillation mechanisms, as well astheir operation and advantage are not fully illustrated or describedherein, but may be inferred by reference to the above identified U.S.patent applications and patents, which are incorporated herein. Incertain embodiments, the oscillator mechanism may include a ramconfigured to vibrate along a welding axis, a cam follower operablyconnected to the ram, an eccentric including an eccentric outerperiphery operably engaged with the cam follower, and an innerperiphery, a first power shaft slidingly engaged with the eccentric, anda second power shaft eccentrically engaged with the inner periphery. Inother embodiments, the oscillator mechanisms may include a ramconfigured to vibrate along a welding axis, a first power shaft operablyconnected to the ram and associated with a first eccentricity, a secondpower shaft operably connected to the ram and associated with a secondeccentricity. The oscillator mechanisms are generally controlledelectronically by program instructions, and an electronic controllersthat control the phased relationship between the first eccentricity andthe second eccentricity such that the ram does not vibrate along thewelding axis, establish a first pressure between two components to bewelded. The electronic controller also controls the phased relationshipsuch that the ram does not vibrate, and the phased relationship suchthat the ram vibrates along the welding axis after the first pressurehas been established.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the linear friction welding (LFW)apparatus of this disclosure, which is designated as reference number100. LFW apparatus 100 includes two mounting fixtures 104 and 106 thatsecurely hold work pieces 10 and 10′ during the weld process. Mountingfixtures 102 and 104 may take any suitable form or configurationdepending on the size, shape and configuration of the work pieces beingwelding in any particular application. As shown, fixture 104 rides onslides 105 mounted to frame 102 to facilitate the transverse motion ofwork piece 10 along the weld axis. Similarly fixture 106 rides on slides107 to facilitate the transverse motion of work piece 10′ along the sameweld axis. LFW apparatus 100 includes a press assembly 110 that forciblymoves fixture 106 toward fixture 102 to apply the weld and forgingpressures to work pieces 10 and 10′ during the welding process. Asshown, press assembly 110 includes slides 112 which shiftably supportfixture 106 and a hydraulic ram 118, which drives fixture 106 back andforth along slides 112. LFW apparatus 100 further includes two vibratingassemblies 120 and 130. Each vibrating assembly 120 and 130 follows theteachings of the above identified patent applications and patents, andincludes drive motors 122 and 132, oscillators 124 and 134, and drivearms 126 and 128, respectively. Drive arm 126 is operatively connectedto fixture 104 to vibrate work piece 10. Drive arm 136 is operativelyconnected to fixture 106 to vibrate work piece 10′.

In this embodiment of the apparatus of this disclosure, the motors/camsof each vibrating assembly are moved into and out of phase to generatethe relative movement between the work pieces. When the motors/cams ofvibrating assemblies 120 and 130 are in phase with respect to oneanother, the relative speed between work pieces 10 and 10′ is zero.Bringing the motors/cams of vibrating assembly 120 and 130 out of phasewith respect to one another creates relative movement (vibration)between work pieces 10 and 10′ at a corresponding amplitude. Thoseskilled in the art will note that in accordance with the teachings ofthe above identified patent applications and patents, the use of twovibrating assemblies having two sets of oscillator mechanisms providescertain mechanical advantages. Bringing the motors/cams of vibratingassemblies 120 and 130 back into phase terminates the vibration. The useof two vibrating assemblies having separate sets of motors and camsprovides a fourfold mechanical advantage in amplitude and frequency overa single oscillator mechanism than simply vibrating one work pieceagainst a stationary work piece.

Second Embodiment

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate another embodiment of the linear frictionwelding LFW) apparatus, which is designated as reference number 200. LFWapparatus 200 uses a single oscillator and two sets of rocker armsupported carriages operatively connected by a linkage mechanism tosimultaneously vibrate both work pieces 10 and 10′ along a single weldaxis. The dual sets of rocker arm supported carriages connected by thelinkage mechanism generate the relative movement between the workpieces, which provides a mechanical advantage over a single oscillatorvibrating assembly.

As shown, LFW apparatus 200 includes two mounting fixtures 204 and 206that securely hold work pieces 10 and 10′ during the weld process. Aswith the LFW apparatus 100, mounting fixtures 204 and 206 may take anysuitable form or configuration depending on the size, shape andconfiguration of the work pieces being welded in any particularapplication. Fixtures 204 and 206 are operatively connected to vibratingassemblies 220. Vibrating assembly 220 again follows the teachings ofthe above identified patent applications and patents. Vibrating assembly220 includes a pair of carriages 230 and 240, each shiftably supportedby rocker arms 232 and 242, respectively. Rocker arms 232 are pivotallymounted to frame 202 and rocker arms 242 are pivotally mounted to asliding platform 214, which forms part of a press assembly 110. Pressassembly 110 also includes slides 218 upon which platform 214 rides anda hydraulic press 112, which provides the weld and forge pressures forthe welding process. A ram 252 operatively connects oscillator 250 tocarriage 230. Following the teachings of the above identified patentapplications and patents, oscillator 250 is driven by various motors,linkages, gears and cam assemblies (not shown). Carriages 230 and 240are operatively connected by a pair of linkage arms 264, which transferthe oscillating motion from oscillator 250 to simultaneous vibration inopposite directions to the carriages. As shown, a midpoint 265 of eachlinkage arm 264 is pivotally connected to an upright 262. Oscillation ofram 252 raises and lowers carriage 230 while simultaneously lowering andraising carriage 240 thereby providing the relative movement (vibration)between work pieces 10 and 10′.

Third Embodiment

FIGS. 4-6 illustrate a third embodiment of the linear friction weldingLFW) apparatus, which is designated as reference number 300. Again, LFWapparatus 300 uses a single oscillator and two sets of rocker armsupported carriages operatively connected by a linkage mechanism tosimultaneously vibrate both work pieces 10 and 10′ along a single weldaxis. The dual sets of rocker arm supported carriages are connected bythe linkage mechanism, which generates the relative movement between thework pieces, which provides a mechanical advantage over a singleoscillator vibrating assembly.

As shown, LFW apparatus 300 includes a frame 302, which supports pressassembly 310 and vibrating assembly 320. Two mounting fixtures 304 and306 that securely hold work pieces 10 and 10′ during the weld processare mounted to carriages 330 and 340, respectively. As with the LFWapparatus 100, mounting fixtures 306 and 308 may take any suitable formor configuration depending on the size, shape and configuration of thework pieces being welded in any particular application.

Vibrating assembly 320 includes a pair of shiftable carriages 330 and340 shiftably supported by a pair of rocker arms 332 and 342,respectively. Rocker arms 332 pivotally connect carriage 330 to asliding upright 301, which rides along a frame rail 303. Rocker arms 342pivotally connect carriage 340 to a stationary upright 308. Carriages330 and 340 are connected by hydraulic rams 312, which forms part of thepress assembly 310. The extensible piston of each rams 312 are pivotallyconnected to carriage 330 and the casing of rams 312 are pivotallyconnected to carriage 340. Rams 312 are also pivotally connected toframe 302 at pivot point 309. Vibrating assembly 320 also includesoscillator 350 which is driven by two electric drive motors 360 inaccordance with the teachings of the above identified patent. Oscillator250 reciprocates a ram 352 to vibrate carriages 330 and 340. Again, thelinkage mechanism provided by rocker arms 332 and 342, rams 312 andpivot point 309 allows the transfer of the reciprocation of ram 352 ofoscillator 350 simultaneously to both carriages 330 and 340 in oppositedirections.

One skilled in the art will note that the LWF apparatus of thisdisclosure provides certain mechanical advantages. The use of dualoscillators or linkage mechanism in association with a single oscillatorallows greater vibration amplitude without increasing the reciprocationdistance of the oscillators rams. Consequently, smaller oscillatorcomponents may be employed with reduced power demands and withoutperformance decreases.

The embodiments of the present disclosure herein described andillustrated are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosureto the precise form disclosed. They are presented to explain thedisclosure so that others skilled in the art might utilize itsteachings. The embodiment of the present disclosure may be modifiedwithin the scope of the following claims.

I claim:
 1. A method of operating a linear friction welding apparatuscomprising: supporting a first work piece with a first fixture;supporting a second work piece with a second fixture; establishing aload between the first work piece and the second work piece along apress axis with a press assembly while the first fixture and the secondfixture are in a fixed position relative to one another; simultaneouslymoving, with a vibrating assembly spaced apart from the press axis, thefirst fixture and the second fixture along a single weld axis so thatboth the first work piece and the second work piece are moved withrespect to one another along the single weld axis after establishing theload; and heating at least a portion of the first work piece whilesimultaneously moving the first fixture and the second fixture under theload.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein simultaneously moving the firstfixture and the second fixture comprises: moving the first fixture witha first oscillator mechanism operatively connected to the first fixture;and moving the second fixture with a second oscillator mechanismoperatively connected to the second fixture.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein simultaneously moving the first fixture and the second fixturecomprises: moving the first fixture with an oscillator mechanismoperatively connected to the first fixture; and transferring movement ofthe first fixture to the second fixture through a linkage connectedbetween the first fixture and second fixture, thereby moving the secondwork piece.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein transferring movement ofthe first fixture to the second fixture comprises: moving the secondfixture in a first direction as the first fixture is moving in a seconddirection, the second direction opposite to the first direction.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein simultaneously moving the first fixture andthe second fixture comprises: moving the first fixture with anoscillator mechanism operatively connected to the first fixture; andtransferring movement of the first fixture to the second fixture throughat least one hydraulic ram of the press assembly connected between thefirst fixture and second fixture.
 6. The method of claim 5, whereinsimultaneously moving the first fixture and the second fixturecomprises: pivoting the first fixture using a first component pivotablysupporting the first fixture; and pivoting the second fixture using asecond component pivotably supporting the second fixture, wherein thefirst component is fixedly positioned with respect to the press axis,and the second component is movable with respect to the press axis. 7.The method of claim 1, wherein simultaneously moving the first fixtureand the second fixture comprises: sliding the first fixture along afirst slide extending orthogonally to the press axis; and sliding thesecond fixture along a second slide extending orthogonally to the pressaxis.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein simultaneously moving the firstfixture and the second fixture comprises: sliding the second slide alonga third slide extending parallel to the press axis; and sliding thesecond slide along a fourth slide extending parallel to the press axis.9. The method of claim 8 wherein simultaneously moving the first fixtureand the second fixture comprises: moving the first fixture with a firstoscillator mechanism operatively connected to the first fixture; andmoving the second fixture with a second oscillator mechanism operativelyconnected to the second fixture.